Hard water softening system

General introduction about hard water

As we know, water always contains the necessary minerals for the body such as calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, iron… In which calcium plays an important role in the formation, development of the system - joints of the body. When high content in water exceeds the permissible standard of elemental calcium and magnesium that produces the hardness of the water.

There are 3 types of hard water:

• Temporary hard water contains Ca(HCO3)2 and Mg(HCO3)2.
• Permanent hard water contains MgCl2, CaCl2, MgSO4, CaSO4.
• Full hard water: Water has both temporary and permanent hard water

Harmful effects of hard water:

1. Influence on casual activities

• When boiling hard water, there are the residues in the kettle due to the deposition of CaCO3 damaging the equipment. Difficult to cook food.
• In the cooking process, boiling water drains the power, reduces the possibility of thermal conductivity, and transfers heat because the formation of the CaCO3 layer creates an insulating layer at the bottom of the pot.
• It is not recommended to use water the having hardness to take drugs because it can precipitate with components in the drugs.

2. Influence on industrial activities

• Textile industry: Hard water prevents the possibility of foam generation of soap. Besides, reduce the quality of dyed fabrics, make staining color because hard water has a chemical reaction with fabric dyes or makes spots on the fabric.
• Sugar industry: Difficulties in the sugar-binding process. If sugar is produced, it is easy to melt.
• Paper industry: chemical reactions between chemicals and raw materials are used to make smooth and glossy paper with calcium and magnesium salts.
• Concrete: The chemical reactions of permanent hard water containing chloride and sulfate ions can affect the hardness of concrete.

3. Influence on human health

Causes of kidney stone disease, arterial obstruction due to the precipitated carbonate salt are impervious to the intestinal wall, arteries and accumulate in human parts.

Hard water has very dangerous effects, so it is necessary to take measures as well as water softening equipment. If not soften water timely, it will cause extremely serious consequences.

Hard water softening equipment

1. Working principle

Based on the ion exchange principle: The use of Na salts pushes Ca and Mg ions, which forms well-soluble (or potentially soluble) salts in water and does not form deposits on the heated surface.

2. Based on the hardness of water has the ways to handle common hard water

- Thermal method: 

Boil water, distillate ions Ca2 +, Mg2 +... in water to precipitate, then it can be used to drink daily.

However, the drawback of this method is that the amount of dissolved CaCO3 still exists in the water. The method only reduces CO2 and the carbonation hardness in water.

- Chemical method: 

Using chemicals such as NaOH, Na2CO3, Ba (OH) 2, Na3PO4... This method is quite difficult because you need an appropriate and precise chemical dosage. In addition, the cost is also quite high so this method is less applied.

- Ion Exchange Method: 

Using polymer filters containing the exchange ions, when water passes through the membranes, ions Ca2 +, Mg2 + will be exchanged with the ion on the material and retained on that material.

- RO Filter: 

This technology is widely used in the water filtration systems to remove ions in water and harmful bacteria from the waters at the same time.

Costumers need to consult and install the hard water treatment system, please contact:

E&C Vietnam Environment Technology Services Joint Stock Company 

Website: http://eclim.vn
☎ Hotline: 0941 113 286 - 0968 279 976
Address: 125 Phuc Dien Street - Hanoi