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Wastewater treatment technology for textile dyeing industry

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Currently, wastewater treatment technology for textile dyeing industry is widely applied such as Aerotank (aerobic biological tank), blower, activated sludge, SBR and MBBR.

  • The choice of methods and technologies for wastewater treatment in the textile dyeing industry depends on many factors such as budget, land, flow rate and wastewater characteristics of each production facility. E&C Vietnam Environmental Technology Services Joint Stock Company, which is a reputable industrial wastewater treatment unit, will consult customers to choose the appropriate wastewater treatment technology.

    Characteristics and environmental impacts from wastewater of textile dyeing industry

    The textile dyeing industry is one of Vietnam's strengths, as a key industry. However, the production process uses a few sources of fuels, dyes and chemicals with high levels of pollution to the environment.

    Wastewater sources of textile dyeing industry arise from many production stages that includes: Sizing, desizing, cooking, bleaching, dyeing and finishing. The pollutants in wastewater and the properties of wastewater are illustrated through the table below:

    Stage

    Pollutants

    Characteristic

    Sizing

    Starches, resins, fats and waxes

    High BOD concentration accounts for over 35%

    Brown bleach

    Waxy, grease, ash, soda, fiber chips

    High BOD concentration accounts for about 30%, high alkalinity, dark color

    Bleaching

    Compounds containing Chlorine, NaOH, Hypochlorite, AOX

    High alkalinity, BOD accounts for 5%

    Polish

    Impurity, NaoH

    Very high color temperature

    Dye

    Dyes, metal salts, acetic acid

    High color temperature, BOD accounts for 6%

    Print

    Pigments, starch, oil, clay, salt, metals, acids

    High color temperature, high BOD concentration, grease

    Finished products

    Animal fat, salt, starch

    Mild alkaline, less BOD

    The effects of wastewater from textile dyeing industry on the environment:

    • Increasing pH; being toxic to aquatic species and corroding water structures due to high alkalinity.
    • BOD and COD in water sources also harm aquatic life, and reduce dissolved oxygen in water.
    • The large amount of dye increases color temperature of water sources which receive the wastewater of textile dyeing industry, adversely affects the environment, increases the accumulation of toxins for the body, and the risk of cancer for humans and animals.

    Treatment methods for textile and dyeing wastewater 

    In the textile dyeing industry, the wastewater flow and concentration of pollutants vary greatly by season, product and product quality, manufacture factory as well as day by day. Therefore, it is necessary to survey, study and sample and analyze wastewater of each manufacture factory at different times to be able to apply the appropriate textile and dyeing wastewater treatment system and technology. 

    Applicable treatment methods include:

    • pH neutralization and adjustment method: Mix alkaline wastewater with acidic wastewater to adjust pH to the appropriate value. 
    • Coagulation method: Using alum, iron alum together with lime milk (iron sulfate, aluminum sulfate) and hydroxyl calcium to de-color and reduce a part of COD. 
    • Adsorption method: Adsorbent is activated carbon, cooked coal or clay ... used to treat substances that are not or be difficult to biodegrade.
    • Oxidation method: Use strong oxidizing agents to de-color the dyes in wastewater. 
    • Membrane technology: Membrane technologies such as microfiltration and ultrafiltration ... have the effect of recovering chemicals including PVA starch, indigo dyes, salts and other dyes. 
    • Biological method: Textile and dyeing wastewater often lacks nitrogen and phosphorus content so it can be mixed with domestic wastewater for biological treatment with activated sludge, biological filtration or oxidation. In addition, it is also necessary to apply local treatment to remove toxic substances and reduce the rate of persistent substances in wastewater before biological treatment.

    Simulation diagram of textile wastewater treatment

     

    Modern wastewater treatment technology for textile dyeing industry by MBBR

    The commonly applied wastewater treatment technologies include Aerotank (aerobic biological tank), blower, activated sludge, SBR and MBBR. 

    MBBR (Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor) is a modern technology combining traditional Aerotank and aerobic biological filtration, which has outstanding advantages over other wastewater treatment technologies, especially traditional technologies:

    • High processing efficiency: MBBR mobile technology allows to increase the density of microorganisms many times, promote biochemical oxidation. The reduction process of COD, BOD and NH4 rises 10 times faster than with traditional methods. 
    • Energy saving: MBBR technology does not need to circulate aerobic sludge. The activity of aerobic microorganisms is still maintained to ensure treatment efficiency. 
    • Space saving: There is no need to build an anoxic tank to reduce N, P as the traditional method (30-40% less than suspended activated sludge technology).
    • Other advantages: Simple to operate and upgrade.

    Please contact E&C Vietnam Environmental Technology Services Joint Stock Company if you want to consult more about wastewater treatment technology for textile dyeing industry. Hotline 0914 113 286

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