CO2 capture and storage technology includes three main steps:
Step 1: CO2 capture
This is the process of separating CO2 gas from other substances in the exhaust gas from a specific emission source. There are many CO2 capture methods, such as absorption into liquids, gas phase separation, adsorption on solid and hybrid processes such as membrane adsorption systems. Once the CO2 is separated, the rest of the gas is released into the atmosphere. Post-combustion CO2 capture devices can remove more than 90% of CO2 emissions using existing solvents and technologies.
Separating CO2 from industrial emissions.
Step 2: Transport CO2
Once CO2 is separated from other elements in the exhaust gas, it is compressed or liquefied, making it easier to transport. Today, CO2 is often transported by pipeline, ship (for long distances), truck or train (if the volume of CO2 is not large).
Liquefaction and transportation of CO2 gas.
Step 3: Store CO2
The CO2 air will be transported to a good location where it can be stored permanently. The deep layer contains saline water; Exhausted oil and gas tanks; cave or salt bed; or unminable coal layers are some places where CO2 is stored underground. In addition to being stored permanently, CO2 can also be used commercially as part of the value chain. For example, production can be increased by injecting carbon into nearly depleted oil fields to enhance oil and gas recovery (EOR). It may also be called bioenergy through CCS (BECCS) when used for processes that use biomass such as wood.
Storing CO2 gas in depleted mine veins deep underground forever.
CO2 capture and storage technology is considered one of the important measures to achieve net zero emissions, or Net Zero, by 2050. However, this technology also faces many technical and economic barriers. economics, and policy when deployed on a global scale. Therefore, cooperation and investment from stakeholders is needed to develop and apply this technology effectively and sustainably.